Preventing Workplace Harassment, Discrimination, and Retaliation

T ABLE OF C ONTENTS

7-19 S

S ECTION 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................................8

S ECTION 2 Laws Prohibiting Harassment, Discrimination, and Retaliation ....................................................................................8

S ECTION 3 Protected Statuses/Classifications .................................................................................................................................8 A. Race and National Origin ................................................................................................................................9 B. Religious Creed ...............................................................................................................................................9 C. Physical Disability.........................................................................................................................................10 D. Mental Disability...........................................................................................................................................11 E. Medical Condition.........................................................................................................................................11 F. Sex/Gender ....................................................................................................................................................11 G. Age ................................................................................................................................................................13 H. Sexual Orientation.........................................................................................................................................14 I. Genetic Information ......................................................................................................................................14 J. Military and Veteran Status...........................................................................................................................16 K. Opposition to Unlawful Conduct...................................................................................................................16 L. Association/Perception..................................................................................................................................16 S ECTION 4 Discrimination .............................................................................................................................................................17 A. Disparate Treatment ......................................................................................................................................17 1. Adverse Employment Action – Defined ................................................................................................18 2. Discriminatory Motives - “Mixed Motive” ............................................................................................19 B. Disparate Impact ...........................................................................................................................................19 1. Business Necessity Defense ...................................................................................................................19 2. Bona Fide Occupational Qualification Defense .....................................................................................20 S ECTION 5 Harassment ..................................................................................................................................................................21 A. Hostile Work Environment Harassment........................................................................................................21 B. Quid Pro Quo ................................................................................................................................................23 S ECTION 6 Bullying And Abusive Conduct...................................................................................................................................24 A. Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................24 B. What Is Workplace Bullying/Abusive Conduct And Who Is Affected? .......................................................24 C. Bullying/Abusive Conduct Is Not Illegal Harassment ..................................................................................25 D. Examples Of Bullying/Abusive Conduct ......................................................................................................26 E. How Bullying/Abusive Conduct Impacts The Workplace ............................................................................26 F. What Should Your Agency Do To Prevent Or Address Workplace/Abusive Conduct? ...............................27 G. What Can Managers Do About Bullying/Abusive Conduct?........................................................................27 S ECTION 7 Retaliation....................................................................................................................................................................28 A. Protected Activity..........................................................................................................................................28 B. Adverse Action..............................................................................................................................................30 C. Causal Connection/Nexus .............................................................................................................................32

Preventing Workplace Harassment, Discrimination, and Retaliation ©2019 (s) Liebert Cassidy Whitmore iv